He said to me, “ You have given me his books today.”

  • একটি narration এ মোট ৫ টি জায়গায় পরিবর্তন হয়।
    1. Reported speech পরিবর্তন
    2. (, “) পরিবর্তন
    3. Person পরিবর্তন
    4. Tense পরিবর্তন
    5. Adverb পরিবর্তন
  • Basic পরিবর্তন
    • Tense পরিবর্তন
      • TENSE পরিবর্তীত TENSE
      • Present indefinite…………………………Past indefinite
      • Present continuous……………………….Past continuous
      • Present perfect………………………………Past perfect
      • Present perfect continuous…………..Past perfect continuous.
      • Past indefinite………………………………..Past perfect
      • Past continuous……………………………. Past perfect continuous
      • Past perfect…………………………………… No change
      • Past perfect continuous………………. No change
      • Shall………………………………………………..Should
      • Will…………………………………………………..Would
      • Can…………………………………………………..Could
      • May ………………………………………………….Might
      • Must………………………………………………….Had to
      • Must……….(বাধ্যবাধকতা) …………………. Must
    • Person পরিবর্তন
      • Reported Speech এর 1st Person পরিবর্তন হবে Reporting Verb এর Subject এর সাথে।
      • Reported Speech এর 2nd Person পরিবর্তন হবে Reporting Verb এর Object এর সাথে।
      • Reported Speech এর 3rd Person এর কোন পরিবর্তন নেয়।
    • Person পরিবর্তন (Note)
      • Reported speech এর person গুলে‍া Reported Speech এর সাথে পরিবর্তনের সময় একই number ও একই form ব্যাবহৃত হবে।
      • The teacher said to us, ” I will show you my note book today.”
    • Comma Inverted comma পরিবর্তন
      • Sentence Conjunction
      • Assertive sentence………………………That
      • Interrogative sentence………………..Wh-word/if (h.v).
      • Imperative sentence……………………. To
      • Optative sentence……………………….. That
      • Exclamatory sentence…………………. That
    • Adverb পরিবর্তন
      • Adverb পরিবর্তীত adverb
      • This……………………………………..that
      • These………………………………….those
      • Here…………………………………….there
      • Come…………………………………..go
      • Ago……………………………………… before
      • Hither…………………………………. thither
      • Today…………………………………. that day
      • Yesterday………………………….. the previous day
      • Tomorrow…………………………. the next day/the following day
      • Last + time………………………… pervious + time
      • Next + time……………………….. the following + time.
    • Forms of Pronoun
      • There are five forms of pronounSubjective Objective Possessive Pronominal Posses ReflexiveI Me My mine MyselfWe Us Our Ours OurselvesYou You Your yours Yourself/yourselvesShe Her Her Hers HerselfHe Him His His HimselfThey Them Their Theirs TheirselvesIt It Its Its Itself
  • Sentence ভিত্তিক পরিবর্তন
    • Interrogative Sentence
      • Subject + asked + object + Wh-word/if + subject + h.v + p.v. object/ext.
        • Example
          • The man said to the girl, ” What is your name?”
          • Runa said to Mitu, ” Are you coming to my birthday party?”
            • Runa asked Mitu if she was going to her birthday party.
    • Imperative Sentence
      1. Subject + advised/requested/ordered/commanded + object + to + p.v (root) + object/ext.
        • Example
          • Maliha said to Sumaiya, ” Please, help me.”
          • Maliha requested Sumaiya to help her.
          • Mim said to Rasel, ” Give me your pen right now.”
          • Mim ordered Rasel to give her his pen right then.
      2. Do not/ Never
        • Subject + advised/forbade + object + (not) + to + p.v + object/ext.
        • Example
          • The boy said to me, ” Do not waste your time.”
            • They advised me not to waste his time.
          • Father said to me, ” Never play cards.”
            • Father forbade me to play cards.
      3. Let যুক্ত sentence
        • Subject + proposed/suggested + object + p.v + ing + object/ext.
          • Example
            • Raihan said to Polok, ” Let us go for a walk.”
              • Raihan proposed Polok going for a walk.
            • Saila said to Maliha, ” Let’s make a kite.”
              • Saila suggested Maliha making a kite.
      4. Let যুক্ত sentence ( অন্য ‍word)
        • Subject + said to + object + that + subject + might + p.v + object.
          • Example
            • He said to me, ” let him do the work.”
              • He said to me that he might do the work.
            • Madam said to the student , ” let him come here.”
              • Madam said to the sudent that he might come here.
      5. Addressing word
        • Addressing + R.V এর object + as + Addressing word, + R.V + conjunction + R.S.
        • Example
          • He said to the man, ” Brother, give me your pen please.”
            • Addressing him as brother, he requested the man to give him his pen.
          • Ripa said to the man, ” Uncle, lend me your story book please.”
            • Addressing him as uncle, Ripa requested the man to lend her his story book.
      6. “Sir” যুক্ত sentence
        • Sir যুক্ত Reported speech টি Imperative sentence হলে to এর পূর্বে respectfully লিখতে হবে। কিন্তু reported speech টি Imperative বাদে অন্য sentence হলে ‍Sentence এর শুরুতেই respectfully/with due respect লিখতে হবে।
        • Example
          • The boy said to me, ” Sir, help me please.”
            • The boy requested me respectfully to help him.
          • Sohel said to the man, ” Sir, I have something for you.
            • Respectfully/with due respect, Sohel said to the man that he had something for him.
    • Optative Sentence
      • Subject + wished/prayed(God, Allah,Almighty,Creator etc) + (boject) + that subject + might + p.v + object + ext.
      • Example
        • Father said to the son, ” May you be happy in your life.”
          • Father wished the son that he might be happy in his life.
        • Teacher said to the students, ” May Allah give you a peaceful life.”
          • The teacher prayed that Allah might give them a peaceful life.
    • Exclamatory Sentence
      1. Joy/Sorrow
        • Subject + exclaimed with joy/sorrow + that + subject + h.v + p.v + object + ext.
        • Example
          • The boy said to the girl, ” Fi! Fi! you are a lair.”
            • The boy exclaimed with sorrow that she was a lair.
          • The man said to me, ” Bravo! You have done the job.”
            • The man exclaimed with joy that he had done the job.
      2. Wonder
        • Subject + exclaimed with wonder/wondered + that + subject + h.v + p.v + object + ext.
        • Example
          • He said to me, ” What a nice house it is! “
            • He exclaimed with wonder that it was a very nice house.
          • Sheuli said to Saila, ” How Charming the bird it was!”
            • Sheulil wondered that It had been very charming bird.
  • Few More Rules
    • Reporting verb টি present/future tense হলে Reported speech এ tense এর কোন পরিবর্তন হয় না।
      • Example
        • He says to the boy, ” You are very wicked and naughty.”
          • He told the boy that he is very wicked and naughty.
        • Runa will say you, ” I am going to help you.”
          • Runa will say you that he is going to help me.
    • Reported Speech টি প্রবাদ বচন হলে Reported speech এ কোন পরিবর্তন হয় না।
      • Example
        • The teacher said to us, ” All that gliter is not gold.”
        • The teacher told us that All that glitter is not gold.
    • Reported speech টি চীরন্তন সত্য হলে reported speech এ ‍tense এর কোন পরিবর্তন হয় না, অন্য সকল পরিবর্তন হয়।
      • Example
        • Father said to me, ” The sun rises in the east.”
        • Father told me that the sun rises in the east.
    • We সার্বজনীনভাবে সকলকে বুঝালে indirect narration এ we এর কোন পরিবর্তন হয় না।
      • Example
        • The teacher said to the students, ” We are are human being by nature.”
          • The teacher told the student that we are human being by nature.
    • Thank you
      • Subject + thanked + object.
      • Example
        • He said to me, ” Thank you.”
          • He thanked me.
    • Good + time
      • Subject + wished + object + good + time.
      • Example
        • He said to me, ” Good morning.”
          • He wished me good morning.
    • Good bye
      • Subject + bade + object + good bye.
      • Example
        • He said to me, ” Good bye.”
          • He bade me good bye.
  • Passage narration এর নিয়ম
    1. Passage Narration টিতে কমপক্ষে দুইজন ব্যাক্তি থাকবে এদের খুজে বের করতে হবে। ১ম জন Subject হলে ২য় জন object হবে এবং ২য় জন subject হলে ১ম জন object হবে।
    2. Yes/No যুক্ত Reported Speech এর ক্ষেত্রে –
      • “Yes” = Replied in affirmative (Reporting verb)
      • “No” = Replied in negative (Reporting verb)
    3. Arrange of R.S & Reporting verb.
      • R.S + R.V + R.S
      • R.S + R.V + R.S
      • R.V + R.S + R.S
    4. Use of conjunction/connectors
      • R.S (A) + R.S (A) (Same R.S)
      • R.S (A) + R.S (I) (Different R.S)
      • R.S গুলে‍া একই রকম হলে conjunction টি হবে ‍and, furthermore, also, in added that, etc.
      • Example
        • ” I am going to Dhaka.” Rokon said to Mita, ” I will find a job there.”
          • Rokon said to Mita that he was going to Dhaka and he would find a job there.
      • R.S গুলো একই রকম না হলে conjunction টি হবে ‍and + R.S + conjunction
      • Example
        • “What is your name?” The man said to the boy, ” I want to know.”
          • The man asked the boy what his name was and said that he wanted to know.
    5. R.S এর ধরন অনুযায়ী R.V টি নিতে হবে।
      • He said to me, ” I will kill you.”
      • He threaten me to kill me.
    6. R.V না থাকলে ব্যাক্তির সম্পর্ক দেখে একটি R.S তৈরি করতে হয়।
      • Example
        • ” How can I help you?” The librarian said, “Do you want any book?” “Yes, I want an English book.”
          • The librarian asked the customer how he could help him and also asked if he wanted any book. The customer replied in affirmative that he wanted an English book.
    7. R.S এর extra part বাদ দিয়ে দিতে হবে।
      • Example
        • He said to me, ” Yes, sir, Thank you.”
          • Respectfully he tanked me.
        • Josim said to the teacher, ” Yes, sir.”
          • Josim replied in affirmative.
          • Respectfully Josim replied in affirmative.
    8. R.S এ কোন phrase থাকলে সেটার কোন পরিবর্তন হয় না।
      • Cried out in sorrow, Saila said to Sompa, ” I have done a terrible mistake.”
        • Cried out in sorrow, Saila told that she had done a terrible mistake.
        •